Pigments

Pigments are intensely colored compounds used to color other materials.They are insoluble and applied as finely ground particles mixed with a liquid.Both organic(containing carbon)and inorganic pigments are used in paints,inks,and plastics.Inorganic pigments,often brighter and longer-lasting,are made through simple chemical reactions or found naturally.Organic pigments are either natural or synthetic,with synthetic ones derived from petrochemicals.

Key inorganic pigments include titanium dioxide for opacity and lightening,and calcium carbonate as an extender.Black pigments like carbon black are used for inks.Iron-oxide pigments produce ochres,siennas,and umbers.Chromium compounds create yellows,oranges,and greens,while cadmium compounds yield bright yellows,oranges,and reds.Prussian blue and ultramarine blue are widely used inorganic blue pigments.